NetScreen에서 V5.0에서 특정한 프로토콜(SIP, FTP, H.323 등)을 지원하는 신규 기능으로 ALG는 특정한 트래픽을 분석하여 NetScreen 방화벽을 통과하여 서비스가 가능하도록 resource 할당, 유동적인 방화벽 정책(ex: dynamic port을 요청하는 경우 편리하게 지원가능)을 설정할 수 있도록 지원할 수 있는 기능으로 Protocol Convert 역할을 할 수 있음, 알려진 포트를 사용하는 경우 및 정책에서 지정하는 경우 ALG기능을 사용할 수 있으며 ALG는 해당 프로토콜의 Payload 내용을 감지 또는 변경할 수 있습니다.
ALG 관련 ISSUE가 한번 있었다. 본사와 지사간의 VPN G to G를 설치하기 위해 부산과 대전을 다녀온 적이 있다. VPN 설정하고 통신 테스트 하고 전혀 문제가 되지 않았는데... 한곳에서 SIP 관련 ISSUE가 발생을 했다. 인터넷 전화를 사용하는 업체인데 전화가 걸려오는 전화를 받는 것은 문제가 없었는데,
다른 곳에서 울리는 전화를 땡겨받기를 할 경우
약 8-10초간 아무 소리도 안 들리다가 이후 통화가 가능한가 싶더니 15-17초 이후 전화 연결이 자동으로 끊어졌다. 통신에 필요한 프로토콜은 SIP 하나였는데 Rule 부분의 문제는 아니었다. 결론적으로 주니퍼 방화벽의 메뉴중 Security 탭의 ALG에서 SIP를 Disable 시켜서 원인 해결이 되었다. 위에서 언급했듯이 ALG 는 L7 기반의 Application Layer Gateway를 처리 하다 보니 우리가 알지 못했던 비 정상적인 패킷에 대해서 처리가 이루어지기 때문에 오동작으로 오해하기가 쉽다. 더 신중한 보안 및 Application 처리를 위해서 ALG를 사용하는 것은 맞지만 국내 현실에 맞지 않는 부분도 많은 것 같다.
This article describes how to recover a lost or forgotten password for the EX-series Switch.
Problem or Goal:
Lost root password for the EX-series Switch.
Solution:
Troubleshooting Loss of the Root Password on the EX-series Switch
Problem: If you forget the root password for the switch, you can use the password recovery procedure to reset the root password.
NOTE: You need physical access to the switch to recover the root password. This is done by direct console access or through a console server to the console port on the EX Switch.
Solution To recover the root password:
Power off your switch by unplugging the power cord or turning off the power at the wall switch.
Insert one end of the Ethernet cable into the serial port on the management device and connect the other end to the console port on the back of the switch.
On the management device, start your asynchronous terminal emulation application (such as Microsoft Windows Hyperterminal) and select the appropriate COM port to use (for example, COM1).
Configure the port settings as follows:
Bits per second: 9600
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow control: None
Power on your switch by plugging in the power cord or turning on the power atthe wall switch.
When the following prompt appears, press the Spacebar to access the switch's bootstrap loader command prompt:
Hit [Enter] to boot immediately, or space bar for command prompt. Booting [kernel] in 1 second...
At the following prompt, type boot -s to start up the system in single-user mode:
loader> boot -s
At the following prompt, type recovery to start the root password recovery procedure:
Enter full path name of shell or 'recovery' for root password recovery or RETURN for /bin/sh: recovery
A series of messages describe consistency checks, mounting of filesystems, and initialization and checkout of management services. Then the CLI prompt appears.
Enter configuration mode in the CLI:
user@switch> cli
Set the root password. For example:
user@switch# set system root-authentication plain-text-password
At the following prompt, enter the new root password. For example:
New password: juniper1
Retype new password:
At the second prompt, reenter the new root password.
If you are finished configuring the network, commit the configuration.root@switch# commit
set interface ethernet0/3 dhcp server service set interface ethernet0/3 dhcp server enable set interface ethernet0/3 dhcp server option lease 1440000 set interface ethernet0/3 dhcp server option gateway 172.17.1.1 set interface ethernet0/3 dhcp server option netmask 255.255.255.0 set interface ethernet0/3 dhcp server option dns1 168.126.63.1 set interface ethernet0/3 dhcp server ip 172.17.1.10 to 172.17.1.100 unset interface ethernet0/3 dhcp server config next-server-ip
monitor stop' stops real-time view , but debugs are still collected in log files
clear db
Use 'file delete <filename> to actually delete file>
undebug <debug> (stops collecting debugs)
Deactivate makes it easier to enable/disable. Use activate traceoptions to activate.
undebug all
debug ike detail
creates debugs in default file name: kmd
snoop (packets THRU the JUNOS device)
Not supported on SRX 3x00/5x00 yet
snoop (packets TO the JUNOS device)
Only captures traffic destined for the RE of router itself. Excludes PING .
Event Logs
get event
get event | include <string>
Note: There is not an equivalent command for 'get event include <string>'. match displays only the lines that contains the string find displays output starting from the first occurrence of the string
Product OverView The ISG Series Integrated Security Gateways are ideally suited for securing enterprise, carrier, and data enter environments where advanced applications, such as VoIP and streaming media, demand consistent, scalable performance. The Juniper Networks ISG1000 and ISG2000 Integrated Security Gateways are purpose-built security solutions that leverage a fourth-generation security ASIC, along with high-speed microprocessors to deliver unmatched firewall and VPN performance. Integrating best-in-class firewall, VPN, and optional Intrusion Detection and Prevention, the ISG1000 and ISG2000 enable secure, reliable connectivity along with network-and applicationlevel protection for critical, high-traffic network segments.
Product Description The Juniper Networks® ISG1000 and ISG2000 Integrated Security Gateways are fully integrated firewall/VPN systems that offer multi-gigabit performance, modular architecture and rich virtualization capabilities. They are an ideal security solution for large enterprise, data center and service provider networks. The ISG Series Integrated Security Gateways are firewall/VPN-based systems that deliver security features such as intrusion prevention system (IPS), antispam, Web filtering, and Internet Content Adaptation Protocol (ICAP) antivirus redirection support. The advanced system is further expandable with optionally integrated Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IDP) or as a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) firewall/VPN for mobile network service provider environments. The ISG Series modular architecture enables deployment with a wide variety of copper and fiber interface options. Highly flexible segmentation and isolation of traffic belonging to different trust levels can be achieved using advanced features such as virtual systems, virtual LANs, and security zones. The ISG Series Integrated Security Gateways allow multiple, separate firewall inspection or routing policies to simplify network design. This enables the enforcement of security policies to traffic streams—even in highly complex environments—without significant impact on the network itself. The flexibility and efficiency offered by the ISG Series architecture provides state-ofthe- art performance and best-in-class functionality as a firewall/VPN or integrated firewall/VPN/IDP solution with optional security modules. The ISG1000 supports up to two security modules, while the ISG2000 can support up to three security modules. The security modules maintain their own dedicated processing and memory, and incorporate technology designed to accelerate IDP packet processing. This reduces the number of separate security devices and management applications, and simplifies deployment effort and network complexity. The result is higher cost savings. The ISG Series with IDP utilizes the same award-winning software found on Juniper Networks IDP Series Intrusion Detection and Prevention Appliances. The IDP security module supports multi-method detection, combining eight different detection mechanisms—including stateful signatures and protocol anomaly detection. In addition to helping businesses defend against security threats such as worms, trojans, malware,
주중에 이중화 테스트로 인한 야간 작업이 있었다. L4의 FWLB로 이중화가 되어 있다. 한쪽라인의 파워를 다 내렸다. 방화벽 또한 내렸다. 서비스 이상 여부 테스트 이후 다시 올리는데 문제가 발생했다. 뒤의 전원 스위치를 Off로 해서 내렸는데 다시 ON 하는데 IOS가 올라 오지를 않는다. Console로 접속했는데 아무 반응도 없다. 뭔가 에러 표시라도 해줘야 뭘 찾기라도 하는데 정말 아무런 반응 없이 커서만 껌뻑 거린다. 전원을 다시 내렸다 올려도 마찬가지다. Front의 Reset Hole도 몇번을 눌러 봤지만 반응이 없다. 이 새벽에 이일을 어찌 한단 말인가... 전화로 해서 대체 장비 좀 수배 해 달라고 연락 후 고민 고민... 방법이 없다. 마지막으로 전기적 쇼크를 의도적으로 주고자 스위치 ON 상태에서 전원 케이블을 뺏다 꽂았다. IOS가 올라온다. 참나... 엔지니어지만 이런 경우는 설명도 힘들고 이해하기도 힘들다. 잠시간이었지만 이런 황당한 사건으로 스트레스를 받은건 사실이다. 아 요즘 들어 왜 이리 장애가 빈번한걸까....
